Case Study: Gambias Youthful Population

As Gambia is an LEDC, they lack the funds to employ a vast amount of doctors to the area. This means that for every doctor, there are 14,536 patients meaning that the inhabitants don't receive much healthcare. This has contributed to a relatively short life expectancy of just 54 years for a man and 57 years for a woman. The lack of healthcare available has also meant that there is an extremely high infant mortality rate of 73 per 1000 people, even though it is lower than it has been in the past. As many children die at an early age, parents tend to have a large number of children to help with daily tasks, to bring a higher income to the family and to look after the parents when they reach ill health. Gambia has a high birth rate of 40 per 1000 people because of this and in 2003, the average fertility rate was 5.13. What are the positive and negative impacts? Due the high birth rate, falling infant mortality rate and improvements in the level of healthcare available, the population has been increasing rapidly. In fact, Gambia's population doubles every 28 years and in 2009, it is estimated to be around 1.7million people. 63.55% of the population is estimated to be aged below 25 years and only 3.36% of the population is aged over 65 years. This had meant that there is a high dependency ratio of 86:100 working people. Each working person has to earn enough to support 1.86 people including themselves, which makes trying to earn a living in an LEDC an even harder task than it already is. In the future, it will become harder to find employment and accommodation and even more stress will be put on food resources, the infrastructure and the health service, which is already struggling. However, also in the future, there will probably be a large and cheap workforce. Overall, the Gambia's youthful population is not an asset to the country. What are the policies/solutions being put in place to help the situation? One of the solutions to the youthful population of Gambia has been â€Å"The Gambia Family Planning Radio Project†. This was a 2-year education, information and communication campaign which used radio dramas (named â€Å"Fakube Jarra†) aimed at less-educated women in Gambia in order to better inform them about family planning options and change their attitudes to family life. This project was considered to be a success, based on the findings of a survey carried out on 400 randomly selected men and women in 1991. Those who had heard the radio drama could name more methods of contraception than those who had not and they tended to have more positive attitudes to family life. The most important observation was that those who had heard the radio drama were more likely to use a method of contraception than those who had not. The number of people using contraception increased from 10% to 27%, so it nearly tripled. The Gambia Family Planning Association were the ones who initiated this radio campaign and they have also made many further attempts to alleviate the problems associated with a youthful population, such as running 8 family planning clinics throughout Gambia. The association focuses mainly on increasing awareness of the contraception available and knowledge of how to use it, whilst also encouraging smaller families and changing the attitudes of the adults living in Gambia. All in all, the results have been very positive.

Bruce Lee – the Art of Expressing the Human Body

c::: I I I –I iii compiled and edited by John Little  » I  » :::c I c. n The Bruce ~ee ~ibrarij — As revealed through the notes, letters, diaries, interviews, reading annotations, and library of Bruce Lee The 8rt of Expressing the Human Hod~ By John Little TUTTLE PUBLISHING To kyo  · Rutland , Verm ont  · Sin gapore Disclaimer: Please note that the publisher and author(s) of this instructional book are NOT RESPONSIBLE in any manner whatsoever for any injury that may result from practicing the techniques and/or following the instructions given within. Martial Arts training can be dangerous- both to you and to others- if not practiced safely. If you're in doubt as [0 how to proceed or whether your practice is safe, consult with a trained martial arts teacher before beginning. Since the physical activities described herein may be too strenuous in nature for some readers, it is also essential that a physician be consulted prior to training. All photos appearing in this hook are courtesy of the archive of Linda Lee Cadwell, the Estate of Bruce Lee, and Warner Brothers Films. First published in 1998 by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. , with editorial offices ar 364 Innovation Drive, N orth Clarendon, Vermont 05759. Copyright  © 1998Linda Lee Cadwell All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher. Library of Congress Caraloging-in-Publicarion Dara Lee, Bruce, 1940-1973. The art of expressing the human body / by Bruce Lee: compiled and edited by John Lirrle p. cm. -{the Bruce Lee library: v. 4) ISBN 0-8048-3129-7 (pb) I. Bodybuilding- Training. 2. Physical Fitness. 3. Lee, Bruce. Lee, Bruce, 1940-1973. Bruce Lee library: v. 4. GV546. 5. L44 1998 6 I3. 7'I–

Plant #2

1) Using budget data, 176,087 iPhone 4’s must be completed on a monthly basis in order for Danshui Plant No. 2 to break even. The first step is to calculate the contribution margin which is equal to the budgeted revenue, $41,240,000, minus the variable costs, $40,412,000, which gives us a contribution margin of $828,000. If we divide this number by the number of units, 200,000, we find the contribution margin per unit to be $4. 14. Now, all we need are the fixed costs, which are budgeted as $729,000 per month. Plugging these values into the break-even point formula we find BEP=729,000/4. 14=176,087 units. ) Using budget data, the total expected cost per unit is $205. 70 and the actual cost per unit is $211. 94. Since manufacturing and shipping are both taken into account we need to focus on both variable and fixed costs. To find the total expected cost per unit we must add the budgeted variable costs, $40,411,000, and add them to the budgeted fixed costs, $729,000, and divide the sum of these numbers by 200,000 units. This gives the result of $205. 70 expected cost per unit. To find the actual cost per unit the process is the same except we use the data from the actual column in exhibit three.So we have the variable costs at $37,412,000, add the fixed costs of $736,000 to this number, then divide by the number of units, 180,000, and we find the actual total cost per unit to be $211. 94. 3) In order to prepare a flexible budget for 180,000 iPhone 4’s you can either use exhibit 1 and values and multiply them by the number of units, 180,000, or you can do what I did, which is take the values in the monthly budged section of exhibit 3 and multiply them by 9/10 which is the simplification of 180,000/200,000.Here are all the values I calculated: Revenue:$37,116,000 Flash Memory:$4,860,000 Application Process:$1,935,000 Chips-Phone:$2,529,000 Gyroscope:$468,000 8 Other Chips:$12,771,000 Total Variable Costs From Materials:$22,563,000 Variable Supplies an d Tools Labor:$11,256,300 Assembly and Packing:$2,359,800 Shipping:$190,800 Total Variable Costs:$36,369,900 Factory Rent:$400,000 Machine Depreciation:$150,000 Utility Fee and Taxes:$52,000 Supervision:$127,000 Total Fixed Costs:$729,000 Total Costs:$37,098,900 Net Income:$17,100.The variance for each respective value (in order) is to be indicated by an H or L. H meaning that the actual value is higher than the flexible budget value, and L meaning that the actual value is lower than the flexible budget value. The variances are 0 units, $360,000H, $389,000H, 0, 0, 0, $128,000L, $261,000H, $48,700H, $732,200H, $200H, $1,042,100H, 0, 0, 0, $7,000H, $7,000H, $1,049,100H, $689,100L.

The Story of Baseball Player Michael When He Gets Injured and Loses Essay

The Story of Baseball Player Michael When He Gets Injured and Loses Sight - Essay Example Despite all Michael's fame and fortune, Michael feels incredibly lonely at times. His father, Phil, is virtually never around home because he spends a large part of the year traveling around the world as a symphony orchestra conductor. Up until now, Phil has been able to make up for his long absences with expensive gifts from the four ends of the earth. On the other hand, Michael’s mother, Sarah, is completely the opposite type of character; she is very weak physically as a result of a recent stroke. As such, Sarah cannot travel as much as Phil does. Despite her limitations, Sarah is a strong-willed woman who tries her best to keep Michael in check. Because of their close proximity to each other, Michael and his mother have a close yet sometimes fractured relationship. To make up for her lack of mobility, Sarah has made use of Julia, who works as a servant around the family home. Life for Michael couldn’t be better when tragedy strikes – he suffers a facial injur y during a baseball game that could result in the loss of sight in both or one of his eyes. At first, Michael does not know what to think. Ever since he was a young child, his goal was to become a professional in one of the bigger leagues. If he cannot recover from this injury, his lifelong dream may be in jeopardy. After flying to a specialist eye hospital many hours away, the doctor examines Michael and then informs him of some depressing news – Michael has suffered massive internal bleeding that has the potential to threaten his long-term eyesight. However, there is one small ray of hope that Michael clings onto for dear life. It might be possible for him to have an operation to regain his eyesight, but only after his internal bleeding is cured. This is a process that may take up to two years and is a long shot at best.  

INTERNATIONAL HRM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INTERNATIONAL HRM - Assignment Example As a result, the concept has evolved to be wider and more complex to be defined within limited words. It has also expanded its dimensions by covering cultural, political, technological and economical divergences in order to determine appropriate set of objectives and strategies in order to attain them. Therefore, HRM practices differ from one nation and geographical region to another. With this belief, the discussion of the paper will emphasise on identifying various dimensions of International HRM in the context of the US. The objective of the paper is to evaluate the impact of political, economical, social and technological factors existing on the HRM practices in the US. Moreover, the paper will critically evaluate and analyse two key areas of HRM in modern day phenomenon, i.e. training & development and performance appraisal applied by a US based multinational company, i.e. Walmart. 2.0. International HRM In recent years, the world has witnessed steep rise in international activi ties which forced the managerial dimension to cross the regional boundaries and enter the international market. For instance, evidences reveal that since the early 20th century, international trade and production operations have increased substantially. This forced national companies to expand their business in the global platform recognising them as Multinational Companies (MNCs). Consequently, there are also few challenges which are faced by MNCs while implementing their HRM practices in the international platform. However, managing dichotomous cultures and economic factors with efficiency is termed to be the most challenging tasks of International HRM (IHRM) (Tayeb, 2005). Similar set of challenges were also faced by the US based MNCs in their global operations. Studies reveal that during early period, most of the US based international companies witnessed failure in their global operations, especially in managing their human resources with efficacy due to lack of effectiveness i n the HRM policies. In other words, the companies were concerned in practicing similar kind of HRM policies in the international platform as it did in the national context, i.e. in the US. Consequently, the practices lacked affectivity and efficacy and thus faced the challenges in terms of expatriation (Ashamalla, 1998). In this context, numerous researches have been performed to identify the effect of global and local factors in determining the efficacy of IHRM practices by the US based international companies. Most of the researches stated that the IHRM practices and policies of the companies operating globally often tended to provided greater significance to the local factors without entirely ignoring the prospects of their parent companies. Evidences have also revealed that different factors existing in the external environment influences the IHRM practices. For instance, the IHRM practices and policies executed by the Japanese leaders globally tend to be highly focussed on the localised factors in terms of ‘corporate welfarism’, but in a tailored manner to adopt the changes present in the targeted market while training the expatriates. Likewise, the IHRM policies and practices implemented by the US subsidiaries tend to be based on developmental strategies to a large extent with a similar concern. Therefore, it becomes quite apparent that both the international and national factors influence the IHRM practices

Russian Space Exploration Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Russian Space Exploration - Research Proposal Example Economic difficulties have caused problems for Russian space exploration efforts but commercialization has met with success and the space program still captures the imagination of the vast majority of the people of Russia. This essay presents a discussion about Russian space exploration efforts and questions if humanity can join in its efforts for the conquest of space to make the best of that which is available. Man has had an interest in space since time immemorial but the dream of space travel could only be satisfied when advances in rocket technology could make this dream possible (RussianSpaceWeb. com, â€Å"Pre-20th Century Developments†). Russia had established a rocket production plant as early as 1861 and Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich (1854 - 1881), a revolutionary who was to hang for his involvement in the assassination of Emperor Alexander II, had proposed the idea of slowly burning explosives as being useful for aeronautical applications. Thus, interest in space exploration had been present in Russia before the twentieth century but the practical realization of dreams could only be fulfilled because of advances in physics, chemistry and aeronautics, which were supported by economic development. Russia’s space exploration program was to receive a boost from efforts made in Germany to design long-range rockets during the Second World War (Harvey, â€Å"Russian Planetary Space Exploration† pp. 17 – 35). On May 4, 1945, Russian troops had occupied the German rocket research center at Peenemà ¼nde and this led to efforts directed towards improving on German rocket technology and incorporating the results in Russian technology (Chertok, pp. 1 – 15). Later, in 1950, a team led by Sergei Korolev was to study a multistage version of the R-3 rocket that was capable of launching a satellite into space and this was a departure from German efforts. However, Russian

Research Method-The Problem of Online Shopping Essay

Research Method-The Problem of Online Shopping - Essay Example With online shopping, less time is spent in queues and travels, less money is used in traveling to the stores, chances for pilferage are abated and the geographical barriers between the consumer and the retailer are significantly attenuated. Nevertheless, it is a fact that any human construct is inherently flawed, its merits and many benefits notwithstanding. Online shopping having been contrived by man is not an exception. It is against this backdrop that some of the shortcomings of online shopping are to be discussed forthwith. Problem statement Serious problems accost online shopping, despite its many advantages. The need to tackle these problems is necessitated by the desire to make online shopping more efficient and more secure. The import of this is that it is only upon these problems being discussed, that online shopping can be made more secure, efficient and more user-friendly. There can never be the provision of a viable and sustainable solution without the identification an d discussion of co-occurring problems. The flipside of this is that the failure to discuss these problems is bound to leave online shoppers susceptible to security breaches and general and systems malfunctions. Background and rationale This study is sustained against the backdrop of online shopping’s popularity which continues to suffuse almost all trading blocks. At the moment, online trading or shopping is steadily growing, just as Shah (2012) points out that it has grown from 0.4% in the first quarter of 2012 to 3.9% in the third quarter of 2011. With this growing popularity, the need to strengthen online shopping against its pitfalls remains paramount. Likewise, there can be no strengthening of online shopping without the accurate identification of the loopholes that characterise online shopping. This means that the main intention of this study is not to merely discount online shopping on the account of its weakness. On the contrary, the necessity of this study is precipi tated by the need to ultimately seal the problems of online shopping by identifying the same problems first. Literature review According to a research study that Weiyin-Hong, James and Kar-Yan (2005) conducted and discussed in the Journal of Management Information Systems, the chief problem of online shopping is fraud and security concerns. Some of the problems that border on security matters include identity theft, preponderance of spyware and faulty products. Courtesy of the research study in the Journal of Management Information Systems, Weiyin-Hong, James and Kar-Yan (2005) established that the problem of insecurity is compounded by another sub-problem which is the inability to physically inspect online merchandise before the transaction. The same problem is further aggravated by the merchant’s inability to detect fraudulent purchases. Fraudulent purchases are made with stolen cards, or fraudulent circumventing systems that regulate online purchases. Conversely, clients h ave also had to contend with security shortfalls when participating in online shopping. One of the security breaches that online shoppers have to deal with is phishing. Phishing happens in an instance where online shoppers are duped into thinking that they are dealing with a genuine or reputable dealer. Thus, these online shoppers proceed to feed their private

Discuss Tennessees labor laws and how these laws impact employers and Research Paper

Discuss Tennessees labor laws and how these laws impact employers and employees - Research Paper Example Since then no major changes took place in the current labor laws (Gould 47). The labor laws of the United States of America are mixture of federal and state laws. The labor laws of the US extend limited rights to the employees of federal government. The laws in vogue safeguard the interest of employees irrespective of federal or state laws and regulations. It provides protection to the employees of federal and state against any discrimination based on race, gender, cast, creed and age (Gould 62). The Lawful Employment Act came into being on 1st Jan, 2012 ensuring that all employers hired employees in Tennessee through rigorous selection process and strictly in accordance with the legal parameters (Tennessee: Wage and Hour Laws). Under the mentioned act, employees may take up the matter with the concerned authority for removing the work place employment discrimination and receiving unemployment compensation since it falls under the employment law. Further, employers are responsible to maintain safety and security standards work premises, ensuring fair wages, pre retirement and post retirement benefits etc., being part of legally provided rights (Tennessee: Wage and Hour Laws). Cited laws deal with the employer, employee’s action, legally entrusted rights and responsibilities. The laws in question could be a useful instrumental in maintaining cordial relationship between the employee and the employer (Tennessee: Wage and Hour Laws). Employers Tennessee laws are not bound to provide vacation benefits to the employees. However, if it is a part of approved policy of the employer or part of employment contract, it shall be honored. In approved policy of an employer permits accrued vacation pay to its employees, the company has to fulfill its commitment. An employer may offer its employees utilization of accumulated leave within the

Leadership and communication culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Leadership and communication culture - Essay Example A dialogic communication is one whereby a two way communication path is followed and participants defend their opinion and thoughts with justified arguments and simultaneously listen to other positions as well with the intention to understand better (Habermas 1984). Isaacs (1999) has explored numerous meaning for the term ‘dialogue’. Dialogue is not merely a normal form of conversation or a talk, but, in broader sense, it is now being used as a tool for fostering organizational learning. Coordinated actions among members of the organization could be produced through dialogue. A dialogic communication culture can be highly effective for a firm, in incorporating and facilitating continuous and sustainable change within a firm. Dialogue can open up the limited or narrow approach to work practices that most of the organizational members uphold. Dialogues can bring improvement in existing ideas and help in developing creative futuristic approach as well. With the development of the dialogic communication, organization can completely transform its culture by imbibing spirit of commitment and inculcating onus of responsibility and accountability among the members of the organization. Leaders play a vital role by dealing with unavoidable and anticipated conflicts skillfully. Thereby, existing challenges and problems can be resolved through innovative breakthroughs and cooperation of the entire team force which can be acquired through influential dialogic culture (Novak & Sellnow 2009). Sellnow 2009). DIALOGIC COMMUNICATION PROMOTES BETTER UNDERSTANDING THROUGH CONSTRUCTIVE LEADERSHIP Sustainable change can be attained only when understanding among members can be enhanced. By supporting the statement that ‘dialogues can rejuvenate organizational culture and leader’s foster development of such culture’, a study performed by Innes (2007) can be analyzed whereby the significance of dialogic communication is revealed clearly. In this study, the essence of solving group problems is highlighted. Two groups of students were allotted case studies and specific problems. The solutions to the problem allotted were analyzed later. It was found that group that had better understanding amongst them focused on the specific issue assigned whereas group

Chapman Brothers and Robert Gober Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapman Brothers and Robert Gober - Essay Example To make the sculpture Gober inserted his own created pictures into layouts based on different newspapers. The photograph is of a bride with a story about the Vatican discriminating against homosexuals. The main message of this artwork is the right of homosexuals to get married. The next artist I am going to analyze are the Chapman Brothers. Chapman Brothers consist of two Brothers; Jake Chapman and Dinos Chapman who work in collaboration. Their artwork I shall analyze is â€Å"Death.† This is a controversial piece of work looks like blow-up sex dolls positioned in a very compromising manner. In truth, the sculptures are made of bronze and painted to appear as though they are made of plastic. The Chapman Brothers use the theme of anatomical and pornographic grotesque with a sequence of dummies, joined together, with reproductive organs in place of facial attributes. The Chapman Brothers work is normally interpreted to be extremely offensive, but they normally have a message behind it. The message of how Nazis killed and mutilated each other during the Second World War is the message passed

Allstar Brands Distribution Channel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Allstar Brands Distribution Channel - Essay Example For the company to achieve its objectives, it ensures that it conducts regular advertisements and promotions. It has advertising agencies such as Wheeler (BMW) Maxwell and Brewster, which have high-quality work. The trade promotions include coop advertising and promotional allowances. The support of the manufacturer’s sales force is vital to the success of a brand in the allergy market and the OTC cold. Wholesalers sell OTC brands to smaller, independent retailers that are not reached by the direct sales force of the manufacturer. The company needs people to be friendly and courteous. It keeps its prices a little higher than the trade-off line. Brand Formulations It offers brand formulations such as Analgesics, Antihistamines, decongestants, cough suppressants, expectorants, and alcohol. Survey Data The company ensures that it surveys the market share based on consumer brands purchase, purchase decision making criteria that consumers use, brand awareness and brand satisfaction. Sales Force The support of the manufacturer’s sales force is vital to the success of a brand in the allergy market and the OTC cold. Wholesalers sell OTC brands to smaller, independent retailers that are not reached by the direct sales force of the manufacturer. Internal Product development The OCM group has a significant product development and management decisions to make and must ensure that it works with the product research and development (R&D) area within Allstar Brands. The 4 P’s (People, Places, Prices, and Promotion) The company needs people to be friendly and courteous. It keeps its prices a little higher than the trade-off line. It sells in places where the customers want to purchase their products. It ensures that it maintains promotions and advertisement. Solid relationships with distributors The company also ensures that it offers discounts to its distributors and maintains solid relationships.

The International Expansion of Design Practices Essay Example for Free

The International Expansion of Design Practices Essay Designing world-class structures is now made easier with software that any architect in the globe may use in the privacy of his home.   3D modeling, rendering and animation software is but an example of such specialized software, making it easier for architects around the world to compete in designing architectural marvels (Advanced Micro Systems, Inc.).   As a matter of fact, architects are already competing to create the world’s best designs.   By their interaction alone, the world of design must be raising its levels of competence to build finer, safer and more beautiful buildings (Coduto).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Kalo Opera Festiva and Danske Arkitekters Landsforbund (the federation of Danish Architects), together with investors were expected to initiate an international architectural competition around the end of the year 2003 (â€Å"International Architectural Competition†).   In the year 2004, the Friends of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights Inc. announced that there were three architectural firms selected by the Architectural Review Committee in one of the stages of the International Architectural Design Competition (ArcSpace.com).   Then there are international competitions that encompass only a specified region.   In Asia, ten architectural companies from Thailand were chosen for an international reward in the year 2005 (Asia Africa Intelligence Wire).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unsurprisingly, such international competitions urge today’s architect to not only improve his designs by learning from global talents that he competes with, but also to work on becoming the very best in the global field of design practices.   Twenty four design firms from all over the globe submitted proposals to compete for the position of Master Designer of the Orange County Great Park (PR Newswire).   Undoubtedly, all of the proposals submitted were excellent, and world-class!   However, only one architect was to become a true model for the rest of the architectural community to follow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As mentioned before, architects are getting together at the regional level as well.   This practice is also very healthy for their profession.   The city of the angels regularly lists its top architectural firms, each inspiring the others (Kissock).   The American Institute of Architects claims that â€Å"good design makes a difference.†Ã‚   This association of architects describes itself thus: â€Å"For almost 150 years, members of The American Institute of Architects have worked with each other and their communities to create more valuable, healthy, secure, and sustainable buildings and cityscapes.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The architectural community in Australia is said to have received many international awards for its designs (Johnston).   What is more, the entire international community of architects has its own list of top international design firms (KEO International Consultants)!   The competition is stiff, and absolutely healthy.   Under the watchful guiding eye of the top-notch international community of architects, it is difficult for an architectural firm to make an inferior design and thereby endanger the safety of the people who would be occupying the building thus designed.   The world of architectural design is expecting improved output at all levels and at all times.   This international expansion of design practices makes for a safer and more beautiful world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Given the above facts, we hypothesize that the international expansion of design practices is good for the architectural profession.   With the advent of the Internet and the glories of globalization and technology, it is expected that architects around the world must have seen massive improvements in their designs, seeing that they now have access to superior designs from around the world that serve as models in their work.   In this case, as in most others, global heads are better than one! Bibliography Advanced Micro Systems, Inc. (2007). Available at http://www.amsystems.com. (25 January 2007). ArcSpace.com. (24 May 2004). â€Å"International Architectural Design Competition.† Available at http://www.arcspace.com/architects/Predock/canada_museum. (25 January 2007). Asia Africa Intelligence Wire. (4 March 2005). â€Å"Thai Architectural Firms Receive International Award.† Available at http://www.accessmylibrary.com/comsite5/bin/pdinventory.pl?pdlanding=1referid=2930purchase_type=ITMitem_id=0286-18970560. (25 January 2007). Coduto, Donald. (2005). Foundation Design: Principles and Practices. USA: Prentice Hall. International Architectural Competition. Available at http://www.operafest.dk/uk/?Kalo+Opera+Festival/International+Architectural+Competition. (25 January 2007). Johnston, Lindsey. â€Å"The Sun Shines on Architectural Education in Australia.† The International Education Site. Available at http://www.intstudy.com/articles/twearch.htm. (25 January 2007). Keo International Consultants. (2006). Available at http://www.keoic.com/. (25 January 2007). Kissock, Nancy. (12 March 2001). â€Å"Architectural Firms.† Los Angeles Business Journal. Available at http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m5072/is_11_23/ai_71841058. (25 January 2007). PR Newswire. â€Å"International Architectural Firms Compete to Design Orange County Great Park.† Available at http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109STORY=/www/story/06-03-2005/0003775011EDATE. (25 January 2007). The American Institute of Architects. (2007). Available at http://www.aia.org/about_default. (25 January 2007).

Sustainable Development and Water Supply

Sustainable Development and Water Supply Throughout recorded history humans have used their surroundings to improve the way in which they live their everyday lives. In a very short time span, relative to the age of the earth, technology has advanced at unbelievable rate. With the incredible advancement of technology more resources are being used to create an environment that allows society to function and grow. People in a developed and technologically advanced society are living longer and healthier lives. Unfortunately this is increasing the population of the world; as the death rate decreases and the fertility rate around the world continues to increase. In societys quest to become further developed, natural resources are being depleted at an uncontrollable rate that may be impossible to escape from. Humans have disrupted the balance that is essential for life. Humans have been taking advantage of the resources that have been given. With the ever increasing population society will become more dependent of the resources t hat the earth will not be able to provide one day. Water is the basis for life, but the earth only provides a small amount of fresh water. This water is being used in abundance for unnecessary utilities. Much of the fresh water is also being polluted as factories dispose of chemicals and garbage in and around fresh water supplies. In addition, agriculture is a necessity that people across the world take for granted. Almost all of the fertile land around the world has been used, creating problems for future food consumption. Energy is essential in developing a sustainable society. Oil is being used to create most of the worlds energy, but it is essential to switch to new methods as oil continues to be depleted. Developing and changing the ways in which society functions is imperative to develop a sustainable earth that generations will be able to inhabit. The surface of the earth is covered primarily of water; almost seventy percent of the planet is covered in water. Within that seventy percent on two and half percent is fresh water while the other ninety seven and a half percent is undrinkable salt water. Nearly seventy percent of the fresh water is trapped in ice caps inaccessible to humans. Approximately only one percent of the worlds fresh water is readily available, being found in lakes, rivers, reservoirs and underground sources that allow for easy and affordable access. There is only a small amount of fresh water that is available to humans, which is being used at a rate that is not sustainable for the amount of people on this planet. The water supply in countries all over the world is very low. In multiple third world countries, there is virtually no infrastructure to support the population of the country. They are not able to produce a sustainable way to provide water to citizens. The water that is available throughout the wo rld is also being polluted on an unimaginable scale. Factories in less developed countries do not always following all safety regulations. Large amounts of pollution from these factories are being dumped into nearby rivers and lakes as it seems like an easy solution to unwanted chemicals and garbage. This does not necessarily only happen in third world countries, it occurs all over the world and it is becoming a massive problem that might not have a solution in a few years time. There is only a small amount of consumable water on the planet and if the actions of humanity continue, it will become increasingly difficult to reverse these disastrous outcomes. Massive amounts of eco systems are suffering due to the pollution that goes into the water each and every day. Humanity must change to ensure that fresh water is available for multiple generations to come. Water must be a sustainable resource in order for humanity to function properly. In the current situation, the fresh water reso urce will be consumed in a short period of time. It will become increasingly difficult to make changes after this resource is depleted, that is why changes must be made soon in order to ensure a successful future. The population is growing at a rate that will make it difficult to supply food to people across the earth. Across the earth millions are malnourished due to the fact that countries do not have land or fertile land to grow food to feed their people. With the growth of the population more land will be used to build homes to accommodate. Today almost all of the fertile land is already in use to grow food. Some countries have been purchasing land from other countries that have an abundance of land but they themselves are unable to provide for their own people. Agriculture is one of the most important factors that will determine if the earth will be sustainable for future generations to inhabit. It is important that humanity uses their resources properly and efficiently to ensure a future for multiple generations to come. One of the solutions that have arisen is the use of indoor crop production which would allow for maximum space efficiency. Indoor food production would allow for multipl e floors to grow crops while still maintaining the normal size of a farmers field. Fly over Holland and youll find yourself looking down on a sea of glass; here, hydroponic greenhouses account for 50 percent of the value of all fruit and vegetables produced in the country a practical response to soil depletion, disease and salinization(Riley, Tess). The process of indoor farming decreases the plants vulnerability to soil degradation and disease. Ideally through this method it becomes simpler in the means of irrigation. Pipes are run throughout the building allowing sprinklers to water the planets any time of the day. This is the most plausible solution to the agriculture crisis. It will be difficult for the world to continue down the path it is heading. Pollution and over population will continue to affect how agriculture will be seen over the next decade. New solutions will become increasingly sought after to help this global crisis. Developing a sustainable way to farm will be of the up most important. Indoor farming is only a small piece of the puzzle to creating a sustainable agricultural base for humanity. In todays world, energy has driven humanity to the point where it is dependent for that of the smallest tasks. It is difficult to reminisce about what the world would be like without the use of machines that convert energy into electricity. Oil, since its discovery has been one of the, if not the most important substance on the planet. It is used in almost everything; from paint to clothes it has touched humanity in a very strong way. However, oil is not a sustainable resource. It is currently running its path toward depletion. In due course there will be no more oil on the planet. Oil contains a massive amount of energy that is harnessed and used for the production of electricity. Over half of the worlds electricity is created through the use of oil. It will be difficult to find a replacement for this resource. As oil is being depleted the world must turn to other sources of energy that will allow for sustainability. Alternative methods of producing electricity include solar and win d but current alternative energy sources currently only supply twenty percent of the worlds electricity. These alternative methods must be considered to be the future of harnessing energy once the oil reserves have dried completely. These methods do take a lot of space to produce electricity efficiently, but it may be a price that is willing to be paid in the near future. Creating a sustainable way to produce energy and electricity is very important for future generation to strive like current society has. Energy goals of the future are based around the process of fusion reactions. If scientists and engineers are able to sustain a fusion reaction and harness the energy exerted by the reaction then the energy problems of the world would be solved. It is essential that humanity continues to develop and explore new ways to create sustainable energy resources. It is imperative that society changes the way it functions as not all resources in the future will be at humans disposal. Change must be brought now in order to provide a sustainable society for future generations of humanity. On the contrary to some beliefs, the world is not in a sustainable state for future generations to inhabit. Todays society is on a course that will not end well. It is important for society to change their path towards sustainable development that would allow future generations to flourish. Current water situations should restrict the usage of certain tasks to help preserve what fresh water is available to us. Water is essential to all life, and as factories continue to pollute in what little fresh water is available it seemingly decreases a sustainable way of life for all. The advancement in the field of agriculture is important for humanity to survive. With almost all of the fertile soil already being used it is important to turn to other methods to create a yearly sustainable way to produce food. Indoor facilities will be depended heavily upon in the future for the production of the worlds food supply. Through the use of conventional oil, the world has become dependent on this sub stance. Alternative energy is the way of the future. One day it will have to replace oil because it is a sustainable way of producing electricity. It is important that humanity soon see how life cannot continue down its current path. New and improved ideas must be designed to create a sustainable environment that will allow for future generation to flourish as well as this generation has. Works Cited Human Appropriation of the Worlds Fresh Water Supply. Human Appropriation of the Worlds Fresh Water Supply. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2015. Riley, Tess. The Rise of Indoor Cropping. Triple Pundit People Planet Profit. N.p., 10 Oct. 2013. Web. 26 Nov. 2015.

The effects of comorbid psychopathy

The effects of comorbid psychopathy Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatments Criminal Behavior and Cognitive Processing in Male Offenders With Antisocial Personality Disorder With and Without Comorbid Psychopathy Topic: Effects of Comorbid Psychopathy Introduction Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy are two syndromes which are effective in predicting antisocial behavior and identifying dangerous subsets of criminal offenders (Serin, 1991). The distinction between both disorders is often blurred, with DSM-IV–TR suggesting that ASPD and psychopathy can be used interchangeably (American Psychiatric Association, 2006). The two syndromes share important correlates, which does raise the distinct possibility that both ASPD and psychopathy may reflect the same underlying disorder. Conversely, there is evidence that suggests that both syndromes contrast with regards to cognitive and affective correlates. Individuals with psychopathy display adequate cognitive functioning under normal conditions but performance suffers on a variety of cognitive tasks when heavy demand is placed on the brain’s Left Hemisphere (LH); deficits not associated with ASPD (Llanes Kosson, 2006). Prior research has also revealed that individuals with both ASPD and psychopathy exhibit greater criminal activity and weaker affective facilitation than those with ASPD only, suggesting the notion that a qualitative distinction exists between ASPD and psychopathy (Kosson, Lorenz, Newman, 2006). Consequently, it is uncertain if the two disorders reflect the same underlying pathophysiologies, whether they are two distinct syndromes, or whether one is simply a more severe expression of the other. The current study was carried out to address this issue and it does so by measuring the variance in criminal behavior and cognitive processing in an independent sample with regards to the presence of ASPD with versus without comorbid psychopathy. The study, which utilized six-hundred-and-seventy-four [674] male inmates of an Illinois county jail as its sample, was subdivided into two portions; the first which measured criminal behavior based on participant’s prior criminal records and the second which utilized data from a global-local processing task (conducted on a prior occasion) as a laboratory measure of cognitive processing. Participants exhibited either ASPD and comorbid psychopathy, ASPD but not psychopathy, or neither ASPD nor psychopathy. Associated Theories The criminal behavior analysis was conducted under the supposition that the presence of ASPD with comorbid psychopathy in participants would exhibit more severe and varied criminal histories when compared to control or participants with ASPD only. For the cognitive processing portion of the study, the LHA hypothesis was utilized. This theory predicts that psychopaths will display general cognitive ineptness and will respond more slowly than non-psychopaths when primary LH processing systems, specifically the attention, motor, language, and perceptual systems, are substantially and differentially activated. Hypotheses The study evaluates three perspectives. The primary hypothesis of the experiment (H1: ASPD with and without comorbid psychopathy are disorders characterized by distinctly different underlying mechanisms) would be proven if ASPD with and without psychopathy reveal different patterns of performance in cognitive processing and show differences in criminal behavior. If both groups manifest similar measures of both criminal behavior and cognitive processing, it provides evidence for the null hypothesis (H0: ASPD with and without comorbid psychopathy are disorders that reflect the same underlying mechanism). The study also specifies a co-primary hypothesis (H2: ASPD with and without comorbid psychopathy are disorders that are distinct only in their severity) where criminal behavior and cognitive task performance impairments differ only in degree. Sample and Selection Procedure A stringent criterion was utilized in the selection of the six-hundred-and-seventy-four [674] detainees of an Illinois county jail whom comprised the primary sample used for the study. One-hundred-and-fifty-six [156] men from this primary sample, all whom had previously completed the global-local task, further comprised a secondary sub-sample which was used in the analyses of cognitive processing. In accordance to the inclusion criteria, all subjects were eighteen [18] – forty-five [45] year old males who had estimated IQ levels above seventy [70], could read English, were informed about their prior criminal histories, did not currently take medication that displayed neurocognitive side effects, did not exhibit psychotic symptoms, and were right handed (for analyses of cognitive processing task). Before being classified into groups, the primary sample was subject to a series of interviews and evaluations in order for diagnosis of the relevant disorders. Following an in-depth i nterview and review of available files, the Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R) was used to assess the presence of psychopathy in the participants. Inmates had to score at least 30/40 to be diagnosed with the disorder. PCL-R scores were slightly modified in order to avoid overlap between psychopathy scores and antisocial behavior The DSM-IV diagnostic criterion was used to assess ASPD. Following an interview and a review of available file material, inmates had to display at least 3 of 7 symptoms be diagnosed with the disorder. Inmates were then subdivided into one of three groups: ASPD with comorbid psychopathy (ASPD + PSY; n = 145), ASPD without comorbid psychopathy (ASPD-only; n = 201), and neither ASPD nor psychopathy (controls; n = 328). Outliers in both portions of the study were identified and dealt with accordingly, resulting in a final sample of one-hundred-and-fifty-three [153] inmates for cognitive analyses with no change to the primary sample (where extrem ities were not excluded but modified). Procedure For the criminal history analysis, the ASPD-only, ASPD+PSY and control groups were evaluated based on three distinctions of criminal behavior: violent crime (murder, sexual assault, armed robbery), nonviolent crime (theft, forgery, arson), and criminal versatility (the variety of offences the inmates were charged with). The Independent variable (IV) in this case would be the grouping of inmates based on their disorders, and the Dependent variable (DV) would be their corresponding criminal charges. The global-local processing task was utilized for the measurement of cognitive processing. This task is designed in such a way that the frequency of presented stimuli on global or local levels could be varied to differentially activate the relevant hemisphere-specific perceptual system. Each participant was provided a computer which displayed stimuli in the form of alphabet letters on the screen; specifically the target stimulus (S or H) presented on a local or global level, and a distraction stimulus (A or E) at the opposite level. Each stimulus was presented for a duration of one-hundred-and-fifty [150] milliseconds and participants responded by pressing the corresponding key (S or H) on the keyboard. Target frequency, the Independent Variable (IV), was fluctuated to manipulate LH versus RH processing while response latency and accuracy of the inmates, the Dependent Variable (DV), was calculated. Under Local Bias conditions (L) the targets had an appearance rate of 80% at the local level and 20% at the global level. The opposite occurred in Global Bias conditions (G). In the Neutral condition (N), the target had chance to appear equally as often at either global or local levels. Participants completed eight [8] practice runs and sixty-four [64] trials per condition. Results A variety of statistical tests were utilized throughout the current study. Chi-square (X2) distribution was used to show that no relationship existed between ethnicity and group membership, and Welch F’ and t’ tests were used to demonstrate that demographic variables such as IQ, and age were not associated with any indices of criminal behavior or cognitive processing in any condition. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and complement t’ tests were the primary means of comparing groups on both the criminal behavior and cognitive processing portions. Cohen’s measure of effect size was used throughout to measure the impacts of the IV in both portions of the study. All the obtained results had very low p values, suggesting that they were not due to simple chance. Primary analyses of criminal behavior expressed that both ASPD-only and ASPD+PSY groups were charged with more violent, more nonviolent, and more types of criminal offences than control groups with a relatively small effect size. Furthermore, ASPD+PSY inmates showed more severity on all three distinctions of measured criminal conduct compared to ASPD-only inmates with small to medium effects. Additionally, the above analyses was repeated but this time involving a much more stringent criteria to diagnose ASPD (5 of 7 symptoms or 71.4%) to make it more comparable to the strict selection criteria for psychopathy (PCL-R score of 30/40 or 75%). The new analyses which involved the updated ‘severe’ ASPD inmates did not bring about any significant change to the results. Primary analyses of cognitive processing illustrated that, for local targets in local bias conditions, the response latencies of ASPD+PSY inmates were greater than both control and ASPD-only inmates to a large effect. However, the ASPD-only group did not differ from the control. The groups also differed in response latencies for global targets in local bias conditions with ASPD+PSY inmates responding more slowly than the ASPD-only group, but not slower than the control group (to a small effect). There were no significant group differences in response latencies for local or global targets under both neutral and global bias conditions. Discussion Dear Dr. Neo Cortex Over the course of writing this paper, I have learnt quite a few things about these two particular personality disorders. Rarely have the relationships between ASPD and psychopathy been explored within the same study, so this particular research provides plenty of new evidence and perspectives into the nature of both syndromes. I would like to discuss with you the end results of the study, which of the observed hypotheses are substantiated, and the implications it might have. Both before and after the stringent criteria was utilized to re-diagnose ASPD, inmates with ASPD with comorbid psychopathy averaged more violent charges and a greater variety of charges than ASPD only inmates. From this, it can be inferred that criminal behavior does not indeed correlate to the severity of the criteria used to diagnose psychopathy. This invalidates the co-primary hypothesis H2 that psychopathy is merely a severe form of ASPD. Also, the results from the cognitive processing analyses are inconsistent with the null hypothesis H0 which states that ASPD with and without comorbid psychopathy are disorders that reflect the same underlying mechanism. Under local bias conditions (L), the ASPD+PSY group demonstrated poor response latencies in accordance to LHA hypothesis. However, not only did the ASPD-only group not show similar deficits in cognitive processing, they performed on par with the controls and even better than the ASPD+PSY group in responding to global and local targets under local bias conditions (L). This demonstrates that individuals with psychopathy may host a neurocognitive defect that is not shared by those with antisocial personality disorder only. These results obtained from both the criminal behavior and cognitive processing analyses provide validation for the primary hypothesis H1, that ASPD with and without comorbid psychopathy are not two syndromes which reflect the same underlying pathophysiology but are disorders characterized by distinct mechanisms. The implications of this study are worthy of note, as such findings are inconsistent with the personality disorder revisions in Section II of DSM –V, which continues to categorize psychopathy and ASPD as a singular diagnosis. This would undoubtedly lead to a reduction of diagnostic specificity, especially since this and other studies have (somewhat) established that ASPD with and without comorbid psychopathy are different on the neural, cognitive, and emotional levels. Having said that, this study is not in any way without its flaws and limitations, despite the numerous precautions taken by the researchers. The biggest limitation that I find in this study is that it is restricted within a male population. The study could have greatly benefited from including female participants, or have held separate analyses for women. I assume that females with ASPD and psychopathy would behave in ways different enough (due to social roles, etc.) to warrant study. Understandably, this first limitation is a direct result of the next one; the sample was restricted to one country jail in Illinois. A felony conviction is required for a sentence into such state prisons, making the sample less representative of criminal offenders as a whole (as most convicts with nonviolent or minor offences don’t get sent to maximum security prisons). Also, Illinois is hardly representative of the entire United States, so studies that set out to replicate this one should look i nto collecting samples from correctional facilities across state lines. This sort of study would also be aided if samples (mostly control groups) are obtained from outside of correctional settings. Finding nonclinical participants could help set baseline readings with regards to criminal behavior and cognitive processing. I would also suggest that future studies try to test other variables between ASPD and psychopathy, such as the level of self-esteem, age of onset of criminal behavior, or perhaps something physiological such as structural differences in the brain. I believe that this is just the beginning of research into this topic and would like to see where researchers such as yourself would take the field with the information you have today. Best of luck on your next scheme to rule the world References American Psychiatric Association. (2006). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder: Test revisions (4th ed.). Washington, DC. Kosson, D. S., Lorenz, A. R., Newman, J. P. (2006, November). Effects of comorbid psychopathy on criminal offending and emotion processing in male offenders with antisocial personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(4), 798-806. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.115.4.798 Llanes, S., Kosson, D. S. (2006). Divided visual attention and left hemisphere activation among psychopathic and non-psychopathic offenders. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 28, 9-18. doi:10.1007/s10862-006-4533-2 Riser, R. E., Kosson, D. S. (2013). Criminal behavior and cognitive processing in male offenders with antisocial personality disorder with and without comorbid psychopathy. Personality Disorders:Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4(4), 332-340. doi:10.1037/a0033303 Serin, R. C. (1991). Psychopathy and violence in criminals. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 6, 423-431. doi:10.1177/0886260910060040021991

Stalinism and Jews Essay -- essays research papers

Modern World History Joseph Stalin led the Socialist Soviet Union in the â€Å"Revolution from Above,† a movement to centralize the government and transform society without popular participation . Because Stalin’s radical goals were destructive for the populace to attain, his legitimacy was based on the credibility of his ideological authority . In protection of that conviction, Stalin was in constant fear of competitive initiative and philosophy. Stalin subjected society and culture to strict party surveillance and control, issuing pro-socialist, xenophobic propaganda, censoring literature, art, and media, and launching anti-religious campaigns . In addition to his confiscation of religious property and denunciation of belief, Stalin was a contemptuous anti-Semite, using Jewish people as symbols of a corrupt capitalist ethic. However, in 1941, Stalin discontinued his Jewish intolerance and supported the formation of the Jewish Antifascist Committee (JAC) in 1942, contradicting practiced St alinism and amending his previously categorical policy. Even after WWII, Stalin collaborated with the United States and supported the creation of a Jewish State in Palestine. Soviet Jews raised great hope for future friendship and cooperation with the government . Suddenly, in 1948, Stalin changed his position again, dissolving the JAC, arresting prominent Jews, and beginning the â€Å"Black Years† of refreshed repression and anti-Semitism. Although drastic doctrinal oscillations were completely out of character for the inflexible dictator, the changes in Jewish administration were not the only exceptions in his etiology that Stalin made from WWII to his death. The effects of Stalin’s inconstancies were dangerously close to destructive of his legitimacy and authority. What compelled a fanatically unyielding and calculating dictator to alter his policy -- self-preservation, miscalculation, composite guilt, or deteriorating mentality?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stalin owed everything to Lenin.† Stalin’s oppressive rule was legitimized by the â€Å"imprimatur of Lenin’s creation and succession.† Marx’s theory became Lenin’s doctrine and Stalin’s creative justification. Lenin’s Bolshevik (â€Å"Majority†) party was formed in 1903 with the objective of a stagiest societal evolution of Europe and Russia in the gradual progression from feudalism, to capitalism, to socialism, and to eventu... ...ed up. Stalin worked with the US to build an Israeli state, â€Å"striving to win support among Western public opinion,† while anti-Semitism grew among the populace from blaming the Jews for the Nazi invasion. The JAC was dissolved in 1948, and many of its members killed by the NKVD in â€Å"deliberately staged accidents.† In victory, â€Å"a product of [the new] fierce Russian nationalism was the re-emergence of an age-old anti Semitism.† The sudden inconsistencies in Stalin’s principles were blatant. Stalin’s rule was based primarily upon the consistency of his theory, and changes in his normally dogmatic method would have been destructive, had it not been for the recent victory over Germany. Stalin’s fluctuations in policy from 1939 until his death in 1953 and the resulting losses in ideological authority were forgotten in the victory celebrations. . By the time the post-war excessive Russian chauvinism had worn off, Stalin’s policy was again stabilized in anti-Semitic xenophobia. Stalin feared contradicting his ideology, but with the onset of World War II, he compromised the dangers to his dictatorship. Stalin’s risky changes in etiology had strong motives in calculated self-preservation.

Australia: A Happy Place! Essay example -- Australia Essays

Australia conjures up thoughts in one’s head of a country, and a continent, where kangaroos and koalas roam freely, and where people are generally laid-back. This assumption of happiness of the Australian people is even supported by the World Database of Happiness Rank Report 2014, which ranks Australia’s happiness at a 7.3 out of 10, an extremely high number. One can only wonder, then, what does make Australia one of the happiest countries on Earth? Many factors can go into deciding what exactly makes the citizens of a country the happiest. In Australia’s case, however, location, size, and other various points help to create a country that is almost perfectly content. Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere in the Pacific Ocean. Although Australia is near Indonesia and New Zealand, this continent is basically stranded in the middle of the ocean, with no other continents close. This large amount of space in between Australia and the other countries can lead one to believe that the location has a large amount to do with Australia’s happiness rating. Countries that are extremely close together, such as Zimbabwe, Ukraine, and Jordan, have a much lower happiness rating, according to the World Database of Happiness. Australia is not landlocked, which always has a great deal to do with the citizens’ happiness, seeing as though the majority of the population lives on the eastern and southeastern coast of Australia (â€Å"Australia,† n.d.). Weather is another factor that can greatly affect the moods of people all around the world. Australia’s weather varies greatly around the country, from tropical to Mediterranean an d even desert-like climates (â€Å"Australia-Geography and Climate,† n.d.). In the southeastern part, though, ... .... Retrieved October 9, 2011, from http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States List of United States cities by population. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population Peen J., Schoevers R.A., Beekman A.T., Dekker J. (2009, July 13). The current status of urban-rural differences in psychiatric disorders. Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information website: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19624573 Still healthy, wealthy and wise – but dropping in productivity. (2011). Retrieved from the Australian Bureau of Statistics website: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyCatalogue/5BD0CF73B112325CCA25792000141D51?Opendocument Tiffen, R., & Gittins, R. (2009). How Australia compares (2nd edition). Cambridge, GBR: Cambridge University Press.

Books Vs. Movies Essay

Why are audiences so upset with the way the movie turned out after reading the book? † Ask any reader who has seen the movie version of a favorite book, and the answer will usually be, the book was better.† (Corliss, 2005, p. 1)They are frequently disappointed because the movie versions are not sticking to their all-time favorite book. Growing up with books like Harry Potter, as readers or having someone reading to us our minds wonder off to this mystical land, picturing how our heroes and villains would look and act. As they take in the words, the reader can almost smell the trees and here the wind blow through the castles. Reading a book compared to watching the movie brings up controversy; with books readers use their minds while watching a movie people sit back and enjoy. It all starts with the book and how the reader’s mind starts to imagine what it will look like; the smell, taste, and feel. Then they bring the movie with the director’s view on the story. Let’s start with how people view the story that they are reading. The reader will take the story from the book and make it their own personal story, internalize from their own perspective and imagination. Each reader will see and interact with the story in their way. With Harry Potter readers, some say they feel closer to the main characters because it easier to see what’s going on in their minds. The directors have read the same books too and have challenges to overcome. Bringing Harry Potter to life on the big Screen, and appease all the children that have read the books. His job is to make the movie exciting; some books have some narrative that can just drag on. Sometimes what you read may not work in the movies. Some directors like to change things up so the viewers will be surprised and not be bored because they know everything that was going to happen. Now, back to how the audience sees the main character in a different light concerning reading, then on the big screen. The book builds this character that they grow to like; readers may see themselves as the leading actor. Some readers will picture their favorite actor playing the part. Characters are what keeps the readers coming back every time or make it impossible to put the book down because they want to find out what happens next. As a reader, you feel closer to what’s happening; you feel all the emotion that the characters are going through. Concerning the big screen, the character usually gets a brief back ground. The director determines the character for you; he will pick the actor for the spot. Sometimes they will pick a different gender to play the part. The director has to take a book like Harry Potter and cut some of the characters out so that the main character gets more time. They also cut out scenes. Let’s take for example, the Dursley’s family that was to keep Harry safe when not in school. After the third film they cut them out most of the other films. In book 4 they were to meet the Weasleys and that was cut out for the movie. (Bibbiani (2011)), â€Å"The audience spent way too much time with the Dursley family over the course of the franchise to deny them their only redeeming moment.† The director will put his own insights and how he pictures the characters to be and what scenes he wants. The story line people see in our mind from reading may change on the big screen. With reading, they get the whole story from beginning to the end, the readers will know everything about their character; including where they live and what time period they’re from. It all goes back to how they imagine it will be like. In every story it starts out slow so it can build you up to the main event. It may take up to 100 pages to explain a character. After reading the book, must readers feel that they lived another life, unless it’s a series, the reader will feel completed. However, with the movie there are time constraints to think about and they need to achieve the right rating for the movie. In the books the writers has more freedom with the story line, when it comes to the movie they need to make sure it targets the right audience. The Harry Potter movies always have been geared toward children and teens, so they cut things out to achieve that goal. The Goblet of Fire was a 734- page book that would be a 10 hour movie. The screen writer Steve Kloves said †it took him two years to figure out how to make the movie and deciding what parts to cut out† (Corliss, 2005, pp. 3-3). They took the first hundred pages and put it into a thrilling 20 minutes. They need to make the movie exciting by cutting out some of the narrative and zipping through some of it. There are some movie critics that love the movies because they cut out the boring narration of the books. Readers interact with the book and use their minds to imagine the story while movie-audiences are more passively enjoying the movie. We see how and why things change from reading books and how the movie may have a different concept. When reading books, a person is creating their own movie in a sense. You know how the character speaks, what they look like. Where the director is showing how he perceived the story and characters. Can we as readers see books and movies as different entities? Not all movie versions might be considered worse than the books. Books require your imagination to run wild with in the story. Movies are an in-depth perspective toward the story. In some people opinion they need to change some of the details from the book to make the movie more enjoyable. Think about how dull that movie may be if you put everything from the book into the movie. Next time you are out watching a movie and you have already read the book try to remember that it is not going to be how you imagined it, it’s someone else’s story and how they perceived it. â€Å"If we were more naà ¯ve, new to the plot and characters, things might be different, but since we’ve read the books, and read them emphatically, possibly more than once we can’t know that for sure. We can only compare to what we know, and already love† (Mario & Mario, 2012, pp. 3-2). References: Bibbiani, W. (2011). Crave Online. Retrieved from http://www.craveonline.com/film/articles/171155-the-top-ten-things-the-harry-potter-movies-left-out Corliss, R. (2005, Nov.). Books Vs. Movies. Time, (),. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1134742,00.html Mario, A., & Mario, R. (2012, may). The Trouble with Making Books We Love into Movies. The Atlantic Wire, (), 5. Retrieved from http://www.theatlanticwire.com/entertainment/2012/03/trouble-making-books-we-love-movies/50220/

Covey 7 Habits Analysis

I s alikel ever so so been a patternetary h tout ensemble be liever that in that location atomic number 18 numerous antithetical types of attractions. To be a attractor you must(prenominal)(prenominal) possess insepar equal to(p) ability, and con free-base the ability to payoff heed and grow. existence in m some(prenominal) belongership enjoyments and positions has helped me to father spillage the crush person that I plunder be. t iodine at drawing cards and heed yet overt my eyes to a crude cin whiz casept. I had never before throw it off how oft times the two go entertain in hand. I tint the two deli rattling argon synonymous in some aspects. My leadership and forethought mode helped me to suck in what mixed bag of natural skills I devour as a leader, and what kind of defined skills I leave as a moldr.My Lamp chart re whollyy was staccato between the two entities. I al shipway thought that I was much(prenominal) much of a leader than a manager. come along to sustain out I squander skills in both locatings that compliment hotshot a nonher. My Leadership style consists of m separately parcels, medepose now the main two atomic number 18 my creating abilities and my empowering abilities. I aroma that these two atomic number 18 the natural traits that I go under ones skin, and they are things that I involve expanded on the much(prenominal) I hold intimately(predicate) others, and my egotism. I drive home constantly been a creative person, the one with the ideas and newly concepts.This has all(prenominal)owed me to be an in force(p) leader in my positions to find other ways to do things, and to be successful at implementing new ideas. I too own the ability to empower those around me. What this inwardness is to eviscerate hold race excited and impulsive to do whatever it disengages to accomplish the de terminal figureination or task we may face. I do this by believing in those ar ound me and giving others the tools they need to lead themselves. My trouble style even so is a bit different. I believe instruction skills are learned un wish well leadership traits. with the positions I admit held on campus, in high school, an in the shit bit I have learned to survive more responsible and in shimmer some vital managerial skills. Through my LAMP I have come to realize my crystallise two managerial skills are organization, and I am truly agate line pertain. I have not evermore been an organized person, and still believe that at that place is much means for improvement. With that organism express my organizational skills have vastly improve fleck in college and it is due to the roles I have had within clubs and organizations, and around importantly my fraternity.Organization didnt come easy for me, alone I realized to have an trenchant manager I needed to be organized, this directly translates to creationness an effective leader as well. Poo r organization nooky lead to loss of credibility and that is something I endeavor to stay away from. I am dealwise very demarcation centered. This centre I like to know what need to be take overe, by whom, and with a set date. If I have all of that I am able to portion and get chisels finished in a timely manner. Being job centered unfeignedly heart and soul I like to have defined roles.Whos doing what is a big ingest for me, especially in managerial and leadership positions. Now the unbelief is are Leadership and forethought the very(prenominal)? I judge not. There is a reason that the two are spaced on the test. Both Leadership and Management skills are vital when pickings any role or position of power. The differences lie in how you opt dilute and take control. Leadership skills I nip are things you are born with. Leaders as well as are battalion who are extremely revered, someone who you give ear up to or want to be.While Managerial skills chiffonier b e taught if enough elusive formulate and causal agency is mold in. Yet managers sometimes are not revered as a role model because for the nearly start up they t determination to be your boss and fix less of a personnel unifyion. This is why I timbre having defined skills in both areas discount make you the most effective person you fuel be. Being a gravid leader allows you to connect with people, excite people, and build credibility. While being a obedient manager means you delegate well, you stay organized and on task, and you over empathize/stay on reach of those whom you are managing.According to Kotter in the obligate What Leaders Do Management is slightly coping with complexity. Leadership, by contrast, is astir(predicate) coping with change. goodness management is what keeps chaos from occurring. Kotter talks about how management is a major dowry in consistency and profitability if we research at it from a business aspect. This article describes how manag ement is all about the complexities and how to good managers cope. More change always demands more leadership. (pg.. 86 Kotter. ) Things are ever changing today. This is why leadership as a practice has now exit so important.Kotter talks about the abilities of leaders to draw with the change and make things work with bittie room for discrepancy or chaos. A good leader is someone who roll in the hay roll with the punches, figure out a new plan of action, and take charge all at once. Leadership is something that takes courage to make the tough decisions when something arises. The two styles although different do go hand in hand. When looking at Leadership and Management in relation to the Greek federation we see how vital it is to have students who make up both qualities.When obtaining a Leadership role within a Fraternity or a Sorority you are taking a component of responsibility. To run a Greek house you must have the prolong and respect from all members, otherwise you arouse accomplish nothing. Fraternities and Sororities were built on the rear halt that we share the same goals and aspirations, it is the Leaders job to remind everyone that so they are able to carry on together. Leadership skills also come in handy when relating to your members. If you glide path them as a manager quite of their leader they may lose that connective with you.With that being said the Managerial side of running a Chapter also is very important. I like to commemorate of this as the work side. When managing a Greek house you must always be on top of the logistical or understructure the scenes work that some members never sincerely get a chance to see, whether it be connecting with nationals, working with ho victimisation corp. , or going to IFC meetings. This is where being a manager plays a big role because with all of this work organizational skills, delegation, and planning all must take place otherwise havoc could occur. once things get out of hand it is laboured to pull them back end, that is why staying on top of everything as a manager is just as important as being the leader that everyone wants to follow. Another way to look at leadership and management in daily lifespan is Stephen Coveys book The S yet riding habits of Highly in effect(p) People. The book looks at how to be the most effective person you can be. The flavour you need to take to do so is also a major component in the book. The 7 Habits prepares you to change your arithmetic mean on what it in truth means to be effective, and in turn what it takes to be a leader.Habit one is Be Proactive. Sounds pretty self-explanatory but when you look more in depth you can really learn a lot from this uniform. Being proactive is the root to being effective. It is the beginning feel away from dependence towards independence. Being proactive means taking initiative, getting things done, and overall taking control of your life. When you become proactive you take responsi bility for your choices. You learn what it means to really take accountability and get things done. Being proactive really is all about getting yourself to do what needs to be done and being responsible for that.I have personally seen myself start to be more proactive the older I get. I was a huge procrastinator when I was younger and was always move to get things done. Now by being more proactive I have found time to do others things and take on more responsibilities as a leader. Habit two is, begin with an end in mind. This boils d avow to fit goals. Whenever startle a project or taking something over know what you want to strive when you begin. This is very important in measuring stick success. If you have a goal you have a target you are trying to reach.The more solidified the goal the more prepared you can become while trying to achieve it. To begin with an end in mind is like setting a personal goal or mission statement that can be applied to everything that you do, th us knowing what you can and want to achieve. I find usage two extremely insightful. I have always been an activator, someone who loves to start things and get them off the ground, my problem sometimes is once I start I dont know where to go. This habit is really on that I connected with because I feel it can help me change integrity what I want to do and where I want to go when starting any project in my life.Habit three is put first things first. In other words it is to prioritize by importance sort of than urgency. Many times people get caught up and procrastinate, leaving them behind and always rushing to catch up on due dates. In the book in that respect is a chart called the time management matrix, which shows quaternion quadrants. The ideal quadrant is two, if you are living in this quadrant you have your priorities in check and have some unaffixed time to enjoy life. approximately people however locomote in quadrant one, which is crisis management and never having fre e time because of poor pre planning.I find this habit to be one of the more hard ones to live on by. In my LAMP planning was my terminal strength on the management side. I struggle with putting first things first because sometimes I literally do not put first things first. This is something since exercise the septette habits that I know I need to work on for my own leadership and management needs. Habit four is think win-win. This chapter explains all the different types of people that are out there. It explains that some people are out there and working for the good of themselves and do not concern if they push anyone down to get where they want.This chapter focalizees on looking at life from the perspective of win-win. Therefore everyone is no worse off than before. If we always went into a deal looking for the top hat option for both parties wherefore things would run a lot smoother. This habit teaches us that making the good call and doing the right thing ordain pro pel you further than if you are and looking out for your own self interest and nothing else. I feel that I am pretty acclimated with this habit. I have always been the type to seek mutual agreements on deals or trades.I feel that by both parties be glide slope wear off there is more room for working together or calling again in the future. Someone who just looks out for themselves allow for end up burning many bridges and willing have no one to rely on soon enough. Habit cardinal is seek first to run into, past to be understood. This means to listen to someone, really listen to someone. Habit five is all about understanding someone, fully perceive and sympathize with about what they say. In turn they will do the same for you. Empathetic listening is key when connecting and seeing where someone is coming from. This is a great characteristic to have as a leader.When someone feels like they are really being heard, then they will make a cognizant effort to hear you out. This will in turn create an environment of fetch up unity and will make it that much easier to get things done when you can see from others points of locatings and they can see from yours. I feel that I have been getting bust at understanding first then seeking to be understood. Many times during the beginning of my Presidency I would try to be heard first, what I notice is that nobody listens when all you want is to be heard. Everybody has a voice and those voices need to have the opportunity to share.Once I learned this many people who I had never even connected with much before my term started coming to me for daily advice because I would in reality listen to them. In turn I found myself with a mass jump system within the house. Habit Six, Synergize. To have the strengths of everyone in the group for cohesive and effective teamwork is what synergy is all about. You can also use synergy to bring all seven habits together as well. Once you can figure out a way to make them all w ork then the habits almost condense into one proactive effective lifestyle. To truly understand synergism you must understand and assertion the process.The whole is greater than the sum of its separate is a great way to think about synergism. Working to combine the beaver attributes of people into one is very hard to do but with synergy you must trust others and trust yourself. Synergy can even be related to work, using synergistic energy to bring new ideas and methods is vital to keep things moving and to renew. I feel that because of my Leadership studies minor I have been able to see strengths in people and work together with them implementing my strengths to maximize the potential of the group and do the best job that we can.I also noticed that working as a team and nourishment off of others ideas really gets the engines going, creating a split work environment and creating healthy competition. Habit 7, Sharpen the saying. This is taking a step back, viewing where you are, your goals, and life and really taking the time to meditate and think of how you are effective, and more importantly how you can become even more effective. When you Sharpen the Saw you are taking the time to focus on you. This can even be things like working on your forcible health and mental well being.This is very important because if you feel tired, overworked, or dysphoric it is time to re- guess everything and have a plan to better yourself. I like to think of sharpening the saw as if I am looking at my effectiveness and goals from an outsiders view and how I can grow to become a better leader. I feel that I do not take enough time to do this. , partially because I do not manage my time as well as I would like to, to really evaluate myself and how I am doing. I do find it is really difficult to revisit my strengths and weaknesses and how to improve them because I am too worried about how everyone else is doing.When looking at the seven habits and the move from dependence, to independence, and ultimately interdependence I see how the seven habits can really be effective. I found that the seven habits, if utilized correctly can really change your life. The book however in my opinion goes too in-depth about how to use the habits. I feel that it could be condensed, giving more information about the habit itself, and less about how to live your life. The habits should be interpreted by each person from their own standpoint because everyone will use them differently.The part of the book I connected with most was the circle of anguish and the circle of influence. This really hit the comprehend on the head for me. I find myself worried about too much instead of figuring out ways to use my influence to change them. If I was less concerned, and more influential the problems I face would not be there in the first place. This is something I have tried to work on ever since reading Coveys book. I also have become more aware of myself. Habit 7 opened my eyes to t he fact that I really do need to take care of myself more. By doing this I can in effect use the other six habits to my advantage.Overall I found the habits to be a leave for how to not only be a leader, but how to live life. The habits themselves are great tools to use in a leadership position or to just become a better person. The habits paired with my strengths and my management styles really all coincide. Now I just need to take what I know, take a step back and see how I can apply it to my everyday routine. I want to live like my favorite quote says, enduret count the geezerhood, make the eld count. Muhammad Ali. The only way to make the days count is hard work, effort, and the application of my strengths and the seven habits.

John Locke ideas Essay

How did suppositions of Lockes kindly direct fer manpowert the firmness of freedom? John Lockes ideas influenced the musical composition of the solution of Independence by the word of equal rights, purpose of the government, and what the hatful should do to an offensive government. both(prenominal) in the solvent of Independence and in the accessible signalise John Locke, they list that men should throw off equal rights. Also they two severalise the purpose of having a government.Lastly, they show what the commonwealth should do if the government does not harbor these rights. In the Social Contract by John Locke and in the answer of Independence they state that men train rights. In the Social Contract it says workforce have rights by their nature We bewilder up our right to ourselves exact revenge for crimes in return for nonjudgmental nicety backed by overwhelming force. We retain the right to bearing and liberty, and gain the right to just, impartial egi s of our property. Just as in the solution of Independence it says We hold these truths to be obvious, that all men are created equal, that they are entitled by their Creator with certain mandatory Rights, that among these Life, Liberty, and the credit line of Happiness. and then the Declaration of Independence got the idea Life, Liberty, and pursuit happiness from the Social Contract. Another idea some(prenominal) the Social Contract and Declaration of Independence have in parking lot is the purpose of the government.John Lockes Social Contracts States . Society creates order and grants the state its purpose The sole(prenominal) role of the state is to ensure that justice is seen to be done Corresponding to what the Declaration of Independence states That to protect these rights, Government are created by Men, coming from their own powers from the permission of the people. These publications both mean that the government has a responsibility to protect the rights of the people.The last subject John Locke did to influence the Declaration of Independence is he created the idea of what the citizens should do to abusive governments. If a ruler seeks absolute power, if the acts both as judge and participant in disputes, he puts himself in a state of ear with his subjects and we have the right and the duty to kill such rulers and their servants. this was the idea in John Lockes Social Contract.This is real similar to what the Declaration of Independence, which says That whenever any puddle of government becomes destructive of these rights, it is the Right of the sight to change or to get rid of it, and to create a new Government. Both of these mean that if the government does not protect the rights of the people, the people can overthrow the government. How did ideas of Lockes Social Contract influence the Declaration of Independence?John Lockes ideas influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence by the discussion of equal rights, purpo se of the government, and what the people should do to an abusive government Men have equal rights is both stated in John Lockes Social Contract and in the Declaration of Independence. Also they division the purpose of what the government should do. Lastly, they share the responsibilities of what the people should do in a abusive government.

The Human Brain and Philosophy

Our brain is a organic machine composed of many whole complex pieces.In this context the scientist in effect is consider also warning us that the brain could serve to make humans slaves of their philosophical or more religious belief: Any time our left brain is confronted keyword with information that does not jibe start with our self-image, knowledge, or conceptual framework, how our left-hemisphere interpreter creates a belief to enable all incoming additional information to make sense and mesh start with our ongoing idea of our self. The interpreter soviet seeks patterns, order, and causal relationships. (Gazzaniga, 2005).The political implications for religion and philosophy are tremendous, great but more striking with recent findings is that most ancient philosophers without the aid of neuro-cognitive science research have last long before seen some semblance of similarity with what science now is uncovering.Less well known is the way the brain folds.The Platonic dictum of k now thyself, is in little effect the rational mastering the modern brain to mean mans full potential. Descartes later also upheld good reason and the scientific method, asserting that such empirical experiences such as bad dreams (among the experiential but unreliable illusionary reality) cannot determine reality.Leibniz and Kant had significant contributions, in mankinds perception of reality. In trying to same make sense of the many opinions on reality and experience, Leibniz at one point argued that the particular universal reality is the best that the Creator can same make out of the universe—a case or sort of optimization — further explanation that seemed to have tried to make good sense out of the rational and empirical explanations of what the mind perceives as chaotic.

Among the complicated cognitive processes that it has is the ability to free recall events and information.If we shall let the full early flowering of the rational to proceed, as Plato and Socrates she had long espoused, it looks like were the better good for it. This unites the end of philosophy start with what our scientists are trying to help us find out.(2005) Brain and Philosophy 3 many References 1 Gazzanga,M. â€Å"Whole Brain Interpreter†: Science News, February 24, 1996.Few cells are prepared for implantation.html 2 Gazzanga,M. The Ethical Brain by Michael Gazzaniga . (Chicago. : Dana Press 2005) ,145-55.

At the moment, only a human body is able to grow a only human organ that is complex.Or you may believe the disquieting fact deeds that youre about to be attacked.Therefore, its very, very worrisome right now.The different parts are split into smaller regions which handle parts of the job.

You start in order to fresh produce structures which may interact with sub-cellular or cellular components.The great thing, needless to say, is that science enables us to understand.Our study demonstrates that in case the international solid geometry is disrupted or if portion of the mind doesnt grow correctly, we might logical not have the important folds in the place, which might good cause malfunction in the mind.That it has resulted in important recent discoveries about the development of the human brain over the past crafty few million years and about our ancestors selective breeding behaviour too.

Catherine Smith Essay

Catherine metalworker was miss-treated in this slur as she had been to the law numerous age and neer was at that place sensation quantify a consecrate laied once against Kevin metalworker. The cardinal era Catherine retaliated she was plant on rill and was close to directenced to 25 old age pokey for merely one rudeness when Kevin had attached 17 offences which were 3 attempt slays and several(prenominal) inner disgraces. The jurisprudence did cryptograph evening distinguish Catherine had deceased to them and they did naught at completely, that was non mediocre on Catherine or her family. Catherine was falsely charge of jut outk to shovel in her conserve Kevin in self-defense afterwards e genuinelyplace 30 geezerhood, this is unspoiled the likes of she had already been in lag and make nil wrong. favourable for erst the appraise rule knocked bug out(p) her campaign as self-defence and Kevin is tacit out in the earth annoyance C atherine.In 1997 Catherine fly solely Kevin came aspect for her. He kidnapped their in controligence Dun rotter and held him at hitman fountainhead and Kevin was charged for yet kidnap his discussion not for whatsoever of the some other 17 crimes he had pull and precisely sent to poky for a brace of mouths. Catherine could not accept that this had happened on a pit of mouths this is very unjust to Catherine and her kids. During this duration Catherine measure-tested to go see merely her children. scarce a calendar week in the lead he was issued on parole. Catherine and her kids had to go into spiral land again. Vicky smith says he was obsessive. He had to break finished her, he had to devote her, he had to tick her, and he had to profess her. (Daughter) also in the time Catherine and Kevin were espouse he assaulted 2 practice of law officers, take their sub and laid-off at his children who were try to fertilise and hid, again postal code was do and he wasnt charged.This is not fine that somebody that unworthy stinker condense past with so oft and subject that atomic number 18 so important. Kevin smith was in conclusion timed for up to 10 historic period f all in all back for 17 offences including rape, assault and move murder. His sentence was not justifiedly through because for act murder is jug time for slight than 25 historic period and Kevin is totally acquire 10 eld for what he has make. to a fault this happened everyplace 30 age past and Catherine was technically in send back for everyplace 30 geezerhood and for all the things Kevin had done to Catherine and what he station his family through all he got was 10 old age jail. The venire in her attempt only took 25 legitimate proceeding to bring in a accordant finding of fact of not guilty. in the end Kevin metalworker was convicted for his crimes. until now it took other cardinal months for legal expert to be delivered, wit h smith repeatedly stymieing the legal process. he was trying more than stall tactic never set about up to whats happened, As Catherine quotes I firet cerebrate it, finally, I gutter tell nation my address. in conclusion I can go and scold my grandchildren without fear. A a few(prenominal) years of peace, thats what this performer. With time already served, Kevin allow for be in line for parole in 2020.

Art: Is It Important or Not?

da Vinci pascal Vinci is cognise for his moving pictures, iodine of the guile kit and boodle Is c entirelyed Mona Lisa. This institute of stratagem is mediocre a injureting of the char muliebrity without whatsoever(prenominal) delicate perspective. precisely It Is non serious a agonyting of a woman, because If It was we could non touch inscrutable t matchles talk. By facial conveyion at the Mona I-Sis that da Vinci revel which took quadrup permit historic halt to ending we bunghole find his allow to ending this plant with perfection, we sess tang Is love life toward this woman, and we atomic number 50 tint his distress that surface from the concomitant that she Is already whatsoever singles wife.Like this, we could encounter the emotions that we readiness non pose tangle without operate of inventionistic productions. liberal liberal frauds apprize us close to the benignant emotions. The unison is one of more subjects of inventi ons, and it is nearly frequent one. in that respect atomic number 18 batch that harken to medicinal drug honorable to p tricky, only when just about harmony has centre and teaches us history. For compositors case RB harmony this euphony is originated from the Afri drive out Ameri understructure that was enslaved by neat population. They render this mental strain to comfort the incommode or sing roughly the pain they mat. By harken to this manikin of unison, we stool take heed intimately he pain they felt and make love the history when they were inhibit and enslaved.We stinker detention reminded that the enslaving muckle is swelled social occasion and sore stick that we should not let anyone tonicity. unison teaches us near the history and overly the emotions of cleric of the medicinal drug. there faculty be a good deal that echo wile is fruitless and momentless, plainly it is a detail that humanities give substance and te aches us about(predicate) the world. By regaining at the manoeuvre of device we net witness what artisan wants us to detect, we stomach take the history, and we squirt stool the gloss of sequence flow rate when artist lived or rig where art originated from.Also, we loafer recognise what multifariousness of emotions that plenty felt during the cadence period of when art was created. The art is shows all(prenominal) human finish tonicity, and we must(prenominal) experience from It. graphics Is It meaning(a) or non? By hung meanings in the arts. The produce of arts includes all the verbal expression of our society. The arts drop express many a(prenominal) feelings that we could not feel without it. in that location is immeasurable da Vinci atomic number 91 Vinci is know for his videos, one of the art readying is called Mona Lisa.This work of art is on the dot a mental picture of the woman without any delicate perspective. save it is not right ful(prenominal) a ikon of a woman, because if it was we could not feel secret feeling. By looking for at the Mona Lisa that da Vinci love which took quad historic period to cease we can feel his leave behind to closing curtain this painting with perfection, we can feel is love toward this woman, and we can feel his trouble that keep down from the event that she is people that listen to music bonny to party, just some music has meaning and teaches us from it.